Entorno Quantum-Safe: Impacto de la Computación Cuántica sobre la Información Históricamente Cifrada

Resumen

Cyberspace has become a domain of power and conflict that challenges traditional geopolitics. This study analyzes how digital dependence redefines sovereignty, borders, and power, aiming to develop a conceptual framework for understanding new conflict and cooperation paradigms in the 21st century. Using a qualitative methodology and documentary analysis of state doctrines, international reports, and academic literature, the results confirm the central hypothesis: cyberspace has fractured traditional paradigms. States are not adapting international law; instead, they prioritize building digital sovereignties through infrastructure control and data localization. Likewise, the normalization of gray-zone operations (cyber espionage, disinformation, attacks on technological infrastructure) is evident as legitimate foreign policy tools within a normative vacuum that fosters competition over cooperation. Finally, the concept of hybrid sovereignty is proposed as the new axis of state authority in the 21st century.